Kev Siv Tau Roj Refining Txheej Txheem: Dej Degumming

Degumming txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov roj refining cog yog tshem tawm cov pos hniav impurities nyob rau hauv cov roj crude los ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj txoj kev, thiab nws yog thawj theem nyob rau hauv cov roj refining / purification txheej txheem.Tom qab ntsia hlau nias thiab hnyav rho tawm los ntawm oilseeds, cov roj crude mas muaj triglycerides thiab ob peb tsis-triglyceride.Cov uas tsis yog-triglyceride muaj xws li phospholipids, proteins, phlegmatic thiab qab zib yuav hnov ​​​​mob nrog triglycerides los ua colloid, uas yog hu ua cov pos hniav impurities.

Cov pos hniav impurities tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov roj, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm cov roj refining thiab sib sib zog nqus ua.Piv txwv li, cov roj uas tsis yog-degummed yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov roj emulsified nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem alkaline refining, yog li ua rau kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, roj refining poob, thiab kev siv cov khoom siv ntxiv;nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem decolorization, cov roj uas tsis yog-degummed yuav ua rau kom noj cov adsorbent thiab txo cov nyhuv discoloring.Yog li ntawd, tshem cov pos hniav yog tsim nyog raws li thawj kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem roj refinery ua ntej roj deacidification, roj decolorization, thiab roj deodorization.

Cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb ntawm degumming suav nrog hydrated degumming (dej degumming), acid refining degumming, alkali refining method, adsorption method, electropolymerization thiab thermal polymerization method.Hauv cov txheej txheem roj refining, feem ntau siv txoj kev yog hydrated degumming, uas muaj peev xwm rho tawm cov hydratable phospholipids thiab ib co non-hydrate phospholipids, hos cov uas tsis yog-hydrate phospholipids yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm acid refining degumming.

1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm hydrated degumming (dej degumming)
Cov roj crude los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov kuab tshuaj muaj cov dej soluble, feem ntau muaj phospholipids, uas yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm cov roj kom ua kom cov nag lossis daus tsawg kawg thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm thauj roj thiab khaws cia ntev.Cov pos hniav impurities xws li phospholipids muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm hydrophilic.Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj tuaj yeem do thiab ntxiv qee qhov dej kub los yog electrolyte aqueous tov xws li ntsev & phosphoric acid rau cov roj kub kub.Tom qab ib lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov pos hniav impurities yuav condensated, subsided thiab tshem tawm los ntawm cov roj.Hauv cov txheej txheem hydrated degumming, cov impurities feem ntau yog phospholipid, nrog rau ob peb cov protein, glyceryl diglyceride, thiab mucilage.Dab tsi ntxiv, cov pos hniav tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv lecithin rau zaub mov, tsiaj pub lossis rau kev siv.

2. Cov txheej txheem ntawm hydrated degumming (dej degumming)
Cov txheej txheem dej degumming suav nrog ntxiv dej rau cov roj crude, hydrating cov dej soluble Cheebtsam, thiab ces tshem tawm feem ntau ntawm lawv ntawm centrifugal sib cais.Lub teeb theem tom qab kev sib cais centrifugal yog cov roj degummed, thiab cov theem hnyav tom qab kev sib cais centrifugal yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm dej, dej soluble Cheebtsam thiab entrained roj, collectively hu ua "cov pos hniav".Cov roj crude degummed yog qhuav thiab txias ua ntej xa mus rau cia.Cov pos hniav yog nqus rov qab rau ntawm pluas noj.

Hauv cov roj refining cog, lub tshuab hydrated degumming tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov roj deacidification tshuab, decolorization tshuab, thiab deodorizing tshuab, thiab cov cav tov no yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj purifying ntau lawm kab.Cov kab purifying yog muab faib ua hom sib tshuam, hom semi-nruab nrab, thiab hom txuas ntxiv.Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem xaiv hom raws li lawv qhov yuav tsum tau muaj peev xwm tsim tau: lub Hoobkas nrog lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm 1-10t ib hnub twg yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv cov khoom siv sib cuam tshuam, 20-50t ib hnub lub Hoobkas tsim nyog siv cov khoom siv ib nrab txuas ntxiv, tsim ntau tshaj 50t ib hnub twg yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv cov khoom siv tas li.Hom kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog qhov sib cuam tshuam hydrated degumming ntau lawm kab.